The Uniform Civil Code (UCC) debate in India continues because Article 44, which directs the state to secure a UCC, conflicts with Article 25, which protects religious freedom. Diverse personal laws based on religious customs resist a common legal framework.

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This tension fuels legislative and social contention. Uttarakhand implemented a UCC, but minority communities fear cultural erosion. The Supreme Court and political leaders emphasize equality, yet consensus is elusive amid concerns over minority rights and gender justice.

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