Chronic underfunding is the primary cause of India's poor public healthcare, with government health expenditure at 2.1% of GDP in FY23. This is far below global averages and limits infrastructure and service quality.

CURRENT STATE

Underinvestment leads to inadequate facilities, with only 5.6% of Community Health Centres meeting Indian Public Health Standards. Shortages of nurses and allied health professionals constrain service delivery, and the system struggles to manage non-communicable diseases and an aging population.

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