CAUSE
One question. One truth.
“Why is ISRO cost-effective?”
ISRO's cost-effectiveness is mainly due to its in-house operations model, which avoids outsourcing satellite manufacturing and mission insurance. This, along with reusing proven technology and simplifying mission designs, significantly reduces development and operational costs.
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CURRENT STATE
This approach enabled ISRO to execute missions like Mangalyaan for $74 million and Chandrayaan-3 for $75 million, far less than NASA's MAVEN at $582 million and Russia's Luna-25 at $133 million. PSLV launch costs are approximately $25-35 million, and SSLV is about $4 million.
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