Chronic underfunding is the primary cause of the issues in India's education system. Public expenditure remains at 4.3% of GDP, below the recommended 6%, resulting in teacher shortages and poor infrastructure that undermine learning outcomes.

CURRENT STATE

This underinvestment leads to 20% daily teacher absenteeism, pupil-teacher ratios as high as 1:35, and only 57% of schools having functional computer labs. The 2024 ASER report indicates that 48% of Grade 5 students cannot read Grade 2 texts. Only 17.1% of rural schools offer secondary education.

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